The effect of seven-step educational strategy on knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention, critical thinking and self-efficacy of nursing students: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer is a significant complication of diabetes that carries a high mortality risk and is associated with substantial financial costs. Choosing a suitable educational model for nursing students as future nurses is necessary to improve knowledge and manage issues related to caring for diabetic patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of education based on the 7E learning cycle model on the knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention, critical thinking, and self-efficacy in nursing students. DESIGN: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group. SETTINGS: This study was conducted in a nursing school and hospitals covered by it in Iran. PARTICIPANTS: 98 students studying in the fourth semester of the Bachelor of Nursing course. METHODS: Students were divided into two distinct groups at random: an experimental group (class A, with 51 participants), and a control group (class B, with 47 participants). The participants of the experimental group were provided with an education based on the 7E learning cycle model, while the control group received conventional teaching method. Data collection methods included pre- and post-tests using research instruments (demographic questionnaire, Kaya Diabetic Foot Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire, Ricketts' Critical Thinking Disposition Questionnaire, and General Self-Efficacy Scale). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, parametric independent sample t-tests, ANCOVA, and paired sample t-tests. RESULTS: The difference in mean scores of diabetic foot ulcer prevention knowledge (Z = -6.232, p < 0.001), critical thinking (t (50) = -4.382, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (Z = -4.427, p < 0.001) in the experimental group were statistically significant between the time interval before the intervention and one month after its completion. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional method of teaching, education based on the 7E learning cycle model is a more effective method to improve nursing students' knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention, critical thinking, and self-efficacy.

The impact of mothers and daughters health education on female adolescents' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PROBLEM: Adolescence is a period of biological, cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional development. Negative experiences of Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection are associated with more changes which impacts on quality of life (QoL). However, parent-proxy and child self-reports may vary, and we have lack of knowledge about these discrepancies. The aim of this study was to identifying the impact of mother-daughter health education on female adolescents' QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two time points; before (T1) and 3 months after health education thorough blended learning (T2) from January to May of 2020. Then 196 participants were divided into intervention (N = 96) and control (N = 100) groups and Health Related QoL was assessed using the PedsQL™. RESULTS: The results showed significant increase in scores of total QoL and all QoL domains in adolescents by self-reports of adolescents and mothers proxy reports (except emotional performance) compared to the control group at T2 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mother's rated increase in social performance significantly higher in both groups at T2. CONCLUSIONS: With high social anxiety due to COVID-19, adolescents may be vulnerable to various risks. Improving mothers understanding of the needs of their adolescents are an important issue; given that it is possible increase their QoL by health education, especially during COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended to organized health education in schools to increase the knowledge of mother-daughter thorough blended learning.

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ) in people with diabetes in Iran.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Public health and clinic-based educational strategies are desperately needed to stem the tide of death from heart disease among people with diabetes in low and middle-income countries. This study translated the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire into Persian and evaluated its reliability and validity for use in Iran. METHODS: Using rigorous translation methods, the 25-item scale was administered to Persian speakers with diabetes. The scale was evaluated for content validity, construct validity and reliability. RESULTS: Participants were 268 patients with diabetes with mean age of 63.19 ± 16.61 years. The mean HDFQ score was 17.31 ± 5.11 (in the low range). Higher scores were associated with younger age, younger age of diabetes onset, higher education, higher employment position, family history of diabetes and hypertension, shorter diabetes duration, and adherence to home exercise regimens. Kuder-Richardson's reliability coefficient was good, i.e., 0.82. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of all questions, except question number 25, were favorable, i.e., >0.3. Model fit indices were favorable: Chi-square statistic to degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 1.82, Comparative fit index = 0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.96 and root mean square error = 0.06. CONCLUSION: After removing item #25, the Persian heart disease fact questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used to inform and evaluate clinical and public health educational programs aimed at decreasing risk for heart disease among Persian speakers with diabetes.

The omission of some patterns of knowing in clinical care: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Providing holistic and humanistic care to patients requires a variety of factors. A care solely based on objective knowledge might be unsafe and of low quality. Using the patterns of knowing in an integrated manner and relative to the context of caring is one of the necessities for proving a holistic and efficient nursing care. This study aimed to explore the role of patterns of knowing in the formation of uncaring behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The researchers used a qualitative research design for this study. Participants included 19 clinical nurses who attended semi-structured and in-depth interviews. In addition, theoretical and purposeful sampling methods were used in this research. Observation of caring processes in different hospital wards was another method used for collecting data. The data analysis was carried out according to conventional content analysis technique. RESULTS: The study findings revealed five categories for the theme of "omission of some patterns of knowing" including omission of scientific principles, omission of therapeutic relationship, omission of ethics, omission of social justice, and omission of flexibility. CONCLUSIONS: The omission of some patterns of knowing creates an ugly image of nursing and a negative outcome of caring as well.

The effects of teaching methods on academic motivation in nursing students: A systematic review.

Motivation is one of the key factors in educational achievement. Like any other field of study, motivation in nursing is highly critical. The instructor's knowledge about the teaching methods that are effective in academic motivation of students enables them to adopt proper measures to improve the teaching efficiency. The present paper is a systemic review of the efficiency of instructional interventions in improvement of academic motivation in nursing students. The published papers related to the study from 2000 to February 2020 were searched at different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and ERIC. To examine the quality of the articles, critical appraisal instrument for reports of educational interventions was used. Totally, 18 articles entered the study for structured review. The majority of the articles reported that educational interventions improved academic motivation in nursing students. The effective teaching methods described in the reviewed articles that led to an improvement in academic motivation were simulation, case-based learning, cooperative learning, learning contract, peer assessment, and self-assessment using video typing. As the findings showed, implementation of applied and participatory methods in teaching process improved the academic motivation of nursing students. Therefore, using such methods, nursing instructors can improve the academic motivation of their students.

Translational cultural adaptation and psychometric study of the Persian version of pediatric inventory for parents.

BACKGROUND: Cancer, as a life-threatening disease in children, poses several challenges for parents. It is necessary to have a tool that can comprehensively examine the stressful events for parents of children with cancer. The aim this present study was done with the aim of study the Persian version of pediatric inventory for parents (PIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a conducted based on methodological research design. Four hundred and fifteen parents of children with cancer referring to Alia Asghar Children's Hospital and Children's Medical Centre in Tehran answered the Persian version of PIP questionnaire in 2019. a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using LISREL (software version 8.8) to test the construct validity of PIP. The two tools of parental stress scale and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-Y) were used for concurrent validity purposes. RESULTS: The results showed that, the overall score of the questionnaire was higher than the average and related to emotional distress. The internal correlation coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) in both parts of the PIP was between 0.808 and 0.957 and acceptable. Concurrent validity analysis indicated positive and significant correlation of this tool in the difficulty section of the scale with both Parental Stress Scale and STAI-Y. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor loads of all items except three items in the frequency section were more than 0.3 and were appropriate. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of PIP can be available to health and family experts as a valid and reliable tool to assess stressful events of parents of children with cancer.

How Nurses Apply Patterns of Knowing in Clinical Practice: A Grounded Theory Study.

BACKGROUND: Nurses require a great deal of knowledge to provide a comprehensive and effective nursing care. A number of patterns have been put into place to help nurses acquire this knowledge. The aim of this study was to describe the core variable in the process of using patterns of knowing by nurses in clinical practice. METHODS: The study was conducted in qualitative and grounded theory approach, between April 2018 and January 2020. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Nineteen clinical nurses were interviewed, and eight observation sessions were conducted in different hospital departments. Participants were first selected through purposeful and then theoretical sampling. Data were analyzed and interpreted using constant comparison analysis approach. RESULTS: The findings of the study indicated that nurses apply the patterns of knowing in three ways in their clinical practice: "cohesion of patterns of knowing", "domination of some patterns of knowing" and "elimination of some patterns of knowing". The core variable of this process is cohesion of patterns of knowing in the domain of flexibility. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study indicate that application of patterns of knowing is practiced in a range of nurse flexibility in clinical settings.